Operating Systems

Unit 1

Introduction to Operating System

• Architecture of OS (Ex. Monolithic, Microkernel, Layered , Exo kernel)
• Operating system objectives and functions
• Virtual Computers
• Interaction of O. S. & hardware architecture
• Evolution of operating systems, Batch, multiprogramming
• Multitasking, Multiuser, parallel, distributed & real –time O.S.
• System calls, O. S. Shell, Linux Shell commands, Shell programming.
• Examples of O. S.: Linux, MS-Windows, Handheld OS

Process Management

• Process, Process description, Process states, Process control, Threads, Processes and Threads
• Uniprocessor Scheduling: Types of scheduling
• Scheduling algorithms: FCFS, SJF, Priority, Round Robin
• UNIX Multi-level feedback queue scheduling, Thread Scheduling
• Multiprocessor Scheduling concept, Real Time Scheduling concept

Unit 2

Concurrency

• Principles of Concurrency
• Critical Section problem
• Mutual Exclusion H/W Support, software approaches
• Semaphores and Mutex
• Message Passing
• Monitors
• Classical Problems of Synchronization: Readers-Writers Problem, Producer Consumer Problem, Dining Philosopher problem

Deadlock

• System model
• Deadlock characterization
• Methods for handling deadlocks
• Deadlock prevention
• Deadlock avoidance
• Deadlock detection
• Recovery from deadlock

Unit 3

Memory Management

• Memory Management requirements
• Memory partitioning: Fixed ,dynamic, partitioning, Contiguous memory allocation
• Buddy System Memory allocation Strategies (First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit, Next Fit)
• Fragmentation
• Swapping
• Segmentation
• Paging
• Virtual Memory
• Demand paging
• Page Replacement Policies (FIFO, LRU, Optimal, clock)
• Thrashing

I/O Management and Disk Scheduling

• I/O Devices
• Organization of I/O functions
• Operating System Design issues
• I/O Buffering
• Disk Scheduling (FCFS, SCAN, C-SCAN, SSTF)
• Disk Caches

Unit 4

File Management

• Overview
• File Organization and access
• File Directories
• File Sharing
• Security issues
• Record Blocking
• Secondary Storage Management

Computer security & protection

• Security Threats
• Attacks and assets
• Intruders
• Malicious software
• Protection: Protection Policy and mechanisms
• Authentications: Internal Access Authorizations
• Implementations